Guestbook

Arthurfuevy

16 Apr 2025 - 07:22 pm

Space, time: The continual question
If time moves differently on the peaks of mountains than the shores of the ocean, you can imagine that things get even more bizarre the farther away from Earth you travel.
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To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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For other missions — it’s not so simple.

Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.

Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.

“They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.

For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.

Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.

“We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”

Franknuh

16 Apr 2025 - 07:22 pm

Lunar clockwork
What scientists know for certain is that they need to get precision timekeeping instruments to the moon.
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Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.

“We have to work all of this out,” she said. “I don’t think we know yet. I think it will be an amalgamation of several different things.”
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Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
“You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”

Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.

As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.

But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

“The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

(There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)

Robertdep

16 Apr 2025 - 07:07 pm

Что учитывать при выборе подходящих пиломатериалов для строительства

Введение
Пиломатериалы это база хоть какого строительства: от каркасного дома до беседки или террасы. Грамотный выбор древесины оказывает влияние на крепкость, долговечность и эстетику будущей постройки. В данном посте расскажем, на что стоит обратить внимание при выборе пиломатериалов для строительства.

Вид древесины
Разные породы дерева имеют свои достоинства и недостатки.

Хвойные (сосна, ель, лиственница)
Самые модные и доступные благодаря цене и превосходным строительным характеристикам. Лиственница более устойчива к влаге, чем сосна.

Лиственные (дуб, ясень, берёза)
Употребляются пореже из-за высочайшей цены. Владеют завышенной прочностью и износостойкостью, идеальны для внутренних работ и отделки http://sirop.club/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=2266

Сорт и качество
Пиломатериалы бывают различных сортов (в течении 4).
1-ый сорт минимальное количество сучков и дефектов, подходит для ответственных конструкций.
Второй и третий сорт допустимы отдельные дефекты, используют для черновых работ.
Четвертый сорт только для временных и второстепенных конструкций.

Влажность древесной породы
Влажность древесины влияет на её геометрию и срок службы. Очень сырая древесина может деформироваться при высыхании.

Строительная влажность (1822%)
То что надо для чернового строительства.

Камерная сушка (1214%)
Употребляется для внутренней отделки и мебели.

Обработка и защита
Обрешечённые, строганые, профилированные пиломатериалы уже готовы к использованию. Необработанную древесную породу рекомендуется пропитывать антисептиками, антипиренами (охрана от гниения, плесени, насекомых и огня).

Размеры и геометрия
Проверьте корректность размеров, прямолинейность, неименье трещин и сколов. Особое внимание уделяйте одинаковой толщине материала особенно для несущих конструкций.

Предназначение
Для каркасных стенок, балок, перекрытий
Используйте брус и доску высших сортов, хорошо просушенные и обработанные.

Для внешних работ
Подходят пиломатериалы с естественной устойчивостью (лиственница) или кропотливо обработанные составами для высокой защиты от влаги.

Для работ внутри помещения
Можно использовать более мягкие и дешёвые породы, но с превосходной влажностью и без явных дефектов.

Где покупать
Выбирайте проверенных поставщиков. Не стесняйтесь просить сертификаты о происхождении и влажности. Рассматривайте пиломатериалы на складе прежде чем купить.

Заключение
При выборе пиломатериалов главно учитывать породу дерева, сортность, влажность, обработку и предназначение материалов. Правильный практикует выбору гарантирует долговечность и надёжность вашей постройки, а также сбережет ваше время и деньги на ремонте в будущем.

Walterwresy

16 Apr 2025 - 06:24 pm

Доводчик дверной это особое устройство, предназначенное для автоматического и плавного закрывания двери после её открытия. Благодаря доводчику дверь не хлопает, а мягко возвращается в исходное положение, что значительно продлевает срок службы дверной конструкции, защищает от сквозняков и повышает комфорт использования.

Основные задачи доводчика дверного

- Плавное и бесшумное закрытие двери
- Предотвращение хлопков и повреждения полотна
- Экономия энергии (неподражаемо животрепещуще для публичных и офисных помещений)
- Снижение износа дверных петель и фурнитуры
- Охрана помещений от попадания пыли, холода и сквозняков

Виды доводчиков

1. Верхние затратные инсталлируются сверху на дверь, самый распространённый вариант.
2. Напольные монтируются в пол, часто используются для тяжёлых или стеклянных дверей.
3. Скрытые стопроцентно прячутся в полотно двери полотно или коробку и не видны снаружи.

Уличный доводчик дверной необыкновенности

Доводчик дверной уличный предназначен для эксплуатации на входных дверях снаружи построек. Такие доводчики имеют особые свойства:

- Повышенная стойкость к перепадам температур (от -40 до +60 градусов)
- Защищенность от влаги, снегопада и пыли
- Антикоррозийное покрытие
- Усиленная конструкция, рассчитанная на огромные веса и интенсивную эксплуатацию

По какой причине стоит выбрать уличный дверной доводчик

1. Долговечность в условиях агрессивной среды
2. Сохранение тепла в помещении
3. Повышенная безопасность (дверь всегда закрыта)
4. Лёгкость эксплуатации даже при частом использовании

На что направить внимание при выборе

- Рекомендуемый вес и ширина двери
- Спектр рабочих температур
- Регулировка скорости закрытия и фиксация двери в открытом положении https://clementmotot.com/comment-arreter-de-grignoter-pour-maigrir-bilan-perte-de-poids-mars-2020/?unapproved=237627&moderation-hash=6d5f67d31ad65d7e82da090aedcc9a56#comment-237627
- Износостойкость и долговечность
- Производитель и гарантия

Монтаж и сервис

Для правильной работы доводчика важно доверить его установку экспертам. Регулярная смазка и осмотр посодействуют продлить срок эксплуатации устройства даже при уличной эксплуатации.

Вывод

Доводчик дверной, особенно уличный, необходимый элемент современной входной двери, обеспечивающий комфорт, безопасность и экономию ресурсов. Выбирая доводчик, реагируйте на условия эксплуатации и главные характеристики устройства.

Virgilliant

16 Apr 2025 - 06:21 pm

Space, time: The continual question
If time moves differently on the peaks of mountains than the shores of the ocean, you can imagine that things get even more bizarre the farther away from Earth you travel.
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To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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For other missions — it’s not so simple.

Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.

Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.

“They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.

For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.

Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.

“We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”

Jeffreymic

16 Apr 2025 - 06:21 pm

Lunar clockwork
What scientists know for certain is that they need to get precision timekeeping instruments to the moon.
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Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.

“We have to work all of this out,” she said. “I don’t think we know yet. I think it will be an amalgamation of several different things.”
https://kra30c.cc
кракен онион
Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
“You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”

Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.

As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.

But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

“The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

(There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)

Robertviend

16 Apr 2025 - 06:02 pm

‘A whole different mindset’
Accurate clockwork is one matter. But how future astronauts living and working on the lunar surface will experience time is a different question entirely.
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On Earth, our sense of one day is governed by the fact that the planet completes one rotation every 24 hours, giving most locations a consistent cycle of daylight and darkened nights. On the moon, however, the equator receives roughly 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of darkness.

“It’s just a very, very different concept” on the moon, Betts said. “And (NASA is) talking about landing astronauts in the very interesting south polar region (of the moon), where you have permanently lit and permanently shadowed areas. So, that’s a whole other set of confusion.”
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“It’ll be challenging” for those astronauts, Betts added. “It’s so different than Earth, and it’s just a whole different mindset.”

That will be true no matter what time is displayed on the astronauts’ watches.

Still, precision timekeeping matters — not just for the sake of scientifically understanding the passage of time on the moon but also for setting up all the infrastructure necessary to carry out missions.

The beauty of creating a time scale from scratch, Gramling said, is that scientists can take everything they have learned about timekeeping on Earth and apply it to a new system on the moon.

And if scientists can get it right on the moon, she added, they can get it right later down the road if NASA fulfills its goal of sending astronauts deeper into the solar system.

“We are very much looking at executing this on the moon, learning what we can learn,” Gramling said, “so that we are prepared to do the same thing on Mars or other future bodies.”

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16 Apr 2025 - 05:52 pm

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Alonzolor

16 Apr 2025 - 05:35 pm

Space, time: The continual question
If time moves differently on the peaks of mountains than the shores of the ocean, you can imagine that things get even more bizarre the farther away from Earth you travel.
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To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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For other missions — it’s not so simple.

Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.

Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.

“They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.

For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.

Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.

“We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”

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16 Apr 2025 - 04:21 pm

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